When I was nine or ten, I was really into the whole Animorphs series. My cousin had most of the books, and I borrowed a bunch from him–the ones he didn’t have, I found at the library. I read through most of the companion novels, and the whole series up to about number 40 or 41 (it was a 54-book series, not including all the extra novels). I would have finished reading the whole series, but that was where my cousin’s collection had a seven or eight book gap, and the library didn’t seem to be able to fill it in. Regretfully, I let it go.
I loved that series when I was a kid. It tackled a surprising scope of issues, for the age group it was aimed at, and the idea of the technology-induced shapeshifting (and all the limitations on it) was imaginative and interesting. The main antagonists, a race of aliens called the Yeerks, were the perfect adversary, especially on earth, where no one believed in aliens–they were something like huge slugs with the ability to flatten themselves out completely, parasites who bonded with a host by wriggling into their ear canal, wrapping around their brains, and taking complete control of their nervous system. Outside their hosts, they were vulnerable–sightless, deaf, with only minimal senses–and even when they had taken someone over, they still had to visit a “Yeerk Pool” every three days and exit the safety of the host’s body to swim in water rich with nutrients from their home planet. But once they were safely in control of their host, they had access to their memories, they could hear and communicate with them inside their own brains, they could follow their routines perfectly–there was no way to tell that they were anything other than what they appeared. It was a silent invasion, a perfect enslavement of an entire population, and it was perfect.
I had a problem with the series, though, and it wasn’t one that had occurred to most of my peers who also read the books. The Yeerks were great–brilliant antagonists and fascinating aliens–but the rest of the alien races weren’t nearly so imaginative.
And that brings me to the Alien Problem.
I’m sure you’ve heard it before. It’s that voice that asks, while you’re watching Star Trek, how likely is it that an entirely separate race would evolve that looks just like us, except for some forehead tissue? Or that wonders about the Twi’lek, those sexy blue slave girls in Star Wars, who look totally human (with costumes that revealing, we can tell) except for their skin colour and the weird flesh horns that grow out of their heads. It was the voice in my own mind that asked, why do the Andalites, of Animorphs, look just like centaurs out of human myth, with the addition of blue or violet skin and the subtraction of a mouth? And what about the Na’vi, from Avatar? Sure, there are some differences, but they still look pretty human. The Alien Problem, essentially, is that question of why, when we imagine aliens, we always seem to think of them as humanoid.
But for me, the Alien Problem is more than that. At ten years old, when my peers were asking, “why do the aliens look like humans?” I was asking, “why do they look like anything we’re familiar with, at all?”
Why do we assume aliens will have eyes, as we know them? Why do we assume they’ll understand “seeing” the same way we do? Why do we always seem to set up their faces with a pair (or pairs) of eyes, set over a nose, set over a mouth? Why do we assume they’ll have a face at all? Why do we assume they’ll have a head at all? Why do they have to have limbs as we understand them? Why do they have to have hands, feet, fingers, toes, as we understand them? Why do they have to have a heart, a brain, a stomach, a recognizably human or at least earth-like system of internal organs? Why do we assume they’ll be be classed into the same broad categories as earth animals–classes of mammals and reptiles and amphibians and birds and everything else? We have animals on our own world that don’t follow those rules–say hello to the platypus–so why would we assume that things on other worlds would follow them?
Now, before I get any further with this, let me make something clear. I’m not talking about all aliens, or all sci-fi. There are creative stories out there where the aliens are nothing like what we know. I’ve read some of them; my father, much more of a sci-fi fan than I, has probably read many more. But these aren’t things appearing in the mainstream. These are stories that you have to go looking for, stories that you have to be interested, specifically, in sci-fi, to find. These are things that are meant for people who are already “in the know.” And meanwhile, the mainstream sci-fi, the things that the average non-geek is going to see, goes on its merry way making its aliens as “safe” as possible.
You see it, so obviously, in things like Star Wars and Star Trek–though these are in part products of their time, and it’s been pointed out so often that it has a sort of kitschy charm to it now. Aliens have been getting more creative in recent years, especially with advances in special effects technology, but you still see it. It’s present in movies I love, like The Fifth Element and Avatar and District 9; it’s present in cool games, like Spore. Some of the ideas built into the Pandoran world (particularly in the animals–things like the way they breathe and the way they produce sound) were interesting and clever, but there wasn’t enough of them. And the Na’vi themselves are a wonderful, interesting culture, but they’re more like something out of a fantasy world–something I’d expect to see alongside dark elves and dragons in my Dungeons and Dragons book rather than inhabiting another planet. District 9 took a good step forward by showing us something that was so obviously other, something unattractive in human eyes, but still the core of the issue remains–bipedal, humanoid, paired eyes over a noselike appendage over a mouthlike orifice. Spore is much the same–though it’s built so that, nominally, you can make anything you want, it still favours creatures with an earth-like construction. And as near as I can tell, the Alien Problem isn’t going to go away anytime soon.
I’m left to wonder, why–if we can create anything–do we seem so intent on creating things that look like us?
From what I can gather, there are a few reasons for this, or at least a few that are presented as reasons. First of all, it’s hard. It’s hard to come up with something that isn’t based on what we know here on earth. It’s hard to invent something that seems like it could never belong in our own world, when our own world is the only thing we know. There are people trying, other geeks who want to address this problem, but that’s not enough as long as it remains on the fringes. It has to move into the mainstream.
But there are more problems with that, of course. Once you move into big-budget territory, you’re not working on your own anymore. You have to contend with producers and directors and marketing executives and the networks and committees and what they think will sell. The creative types who come up with unusual, innovative ideas will often find them stifled by their superiors, who are afraid people won’t be able to identify with something that looks inhuman. That’s bullshit, of course–whether or not your audience will identify with the characters depends much more on your storytelling than whether or not the characters look like human people–but mainstream media is well-known for cutting corners on storytelling on their way to big bucks. They don’t want inhuman protagonists because then they’d actually have to work for their money instead of relying on the boost they get from characters looking human.
There could be other factors at play. It could be–it probably is–in some way related to institutionalized racism, but that’s not an area I’m especially knowledgeable in, so I don’t think I’m really qualified to comment. It could be that individual writers and artists are trying to create an escapist playground, and they want to make something they could imagine a human interacting with. It could be that they really don’t care, and are just trying to have fun. It could be any number of things–but the fact remains that the Alien Problem doesn’t seem to be going anywhere for now.
So how do we budge it? Keep trying. That seems to be the only option available to me. Support stories with creative ideas instead of just going for the eye candy. If you like something that goes more in depth with its aliens than just making them look like unusual humanoids, make sure its creators know. If you’re interested in producing sci-fi yourself, start thinking creatively about your aliens. Make something unusual, that you could never picture on earth. Take the approach so commonly used by fantasy writers–instead of starting with the components and putting it together, make up the final product and then work backwards, inventing ways for it to function. They’re aliens, after all–if you can find a way to justify it, there’s nothing to stop you from doing anything.
I, personally, have no plans to get into writing sci-fi anytime soon–but if I ever do, you can rest assured that my aliens will be as unearthly as I can possibly make them.